Minimum Wage - 6018 Words

History of the Minimum Wage  · 1938 -- The minimum wage was first enacted into law as part of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938. The original minimum wage applied to workers engaged in interstate commerce and the production of goods for interstate commerce. In 1938, this applied to roughly 11.0 million workers out of a total of 54.9 million workers. The minimum wage was set at $0.25 per hour.  · 1961 -- Amendments to the minimum wage law extend coverage primarily to employees in large retail and service trades as well as local transit, construction, and gasoline service station employees.  · 1966 -- Amendments to the minimum wage law extend coverage to state and local government employees of hospitals, nursing homes, and†¦show more content†¦Many economists believe that the minimum wage raises the wages of middle-class teens while doing little to help the working poor get out of poverty. Edward Gramlich (1976) found that any income gains among teenagers resulting from the minimum wage are about evenly split between high-income and low-income families. The vast majority of minimum wage workers are not the primary wage earner in a poor family; Richard Burkhauser and T. Aldrich Finegan (1989) estimated that in the mid-1980s only 7 percent of low-wage workers were heads of families living in poverty. Burkhauser, Kenneth Couch and David Wittenberg (1996) found that almost 40 percent of all workers directly affected by the minimum wage increases in 1990 and 1991 were from families in the top half of the income distribution, with 4 percent of affected workers in t he top decile. The minimum wage does have the potential to raise the incomes of some poor households, particularly those headed by women. About 40 percent of poor adults worked in 1994, and low-wage workers contribute about one-half of household earnings. Over one-fourth of all workers in the lowest family income decile were affected by the 1990 and 1991 federal minimum wage increases, according to Burkhauser, Couch and Wittenberg. Because women tend to have lower earnings than men, working women are more likely to be in poverty. In 1987, the earnings of nearly 18 percent of working female householdShow MoreRelatedMinimum Wage And The Wage916 Words   |  4 PagesEliminate the Minimum Wage Darity Has described minimum wage as: â€Å"Minimum-wage legislation has been to improve the terms of employment of the least-fortunate wage earners.† (Darity) Since the beginning of minimum wage laws in 1270 France the intentions of minimum wage legislation has been good. The idea is that a worker is worth a certain amount regardless of the work they are able to do. One can see how this could create inefficiencies in an economy. The law was meant to help poor families.Read MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pages Minimum wage requires paying every employee a specific wage regardless of the employee productivity. It is the responsibility of the government to set the minimum wage. To understand this, a biology analogy can be used: some animals are stronger compared to others. In economic perspective, some people are relatively unable to deliver compared to others. Among them include, disabled, unskilled, and the youth. Due to their low productivity, th ey are entitled lower wages corresponding to their effortsRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesRoyer Political Science 120 7 November 2016 Increase Minimum Wage Introduction The United States’ minimum wage has been a concerning issue amongst the low wage earners because of the amount they earn is not enough for them to live on their own. Therefore causing the citizens who earn minimum wage to have an impossible time finding a place to stay and expenses for daily survival. Increasing the minimum wage will solve the issues that the minimum wage earners make, thus increasing the chances of survivalRead MoreThe Wage Is The Minimum Wage1098 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 9 6/5/16 â€Å"The minimum wage is the minimum hourly wage an employer can pay an employee for work. Currently, the federal minimum wage is $7.25 an hour (part of the Fair Labor Standards Act) and some states and cities have raised their minimum wage even higher than that.† minimum wage was first introduced during the great depression in 1930s. Before it was introduced thousands of people were forced to work in horrible conditions for pennies a week. Early attempts on minimum wage was ruled unconstitutionalRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage1437 Words   |  6 Pages Minimum wage was established on October 24, 1938 after President Roosevelt signed the Fair Labor Standards Act. (Grossman) Minimum wage was set to allow working class citizens an opportunity to work a reasonable amount of hours for pay that would enable individuals to maintain a minimal quality life. In today’s economics minimum wage is used as a price control or price floor that the government enforces. A price floor is a minimum price for a product or service above the market’s equilibrium priceRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage1269 Words   |  6 PagesMinimum Wage There are a lot of people around the world who struggle with money and a satisfactory way of life. Whether they be in the United States or across the globe, there is a standard minimum wage set for the working class of their country. In the Unites States, there is a federal minimum wage of seven dollars and twenty five cents per hour worked. Almost every state has another set minimum wage, which typically is a little higher than the federal minimum wage, but it cannot be lower thanRead MoreThe Wage Of The Minimum Wage871 Words   |  4 PagesWith the presidential elections right around the corner policy on minimum wage has come up for debate once again. William Hoar from The New American argues in his article â€Å"Misguided minimum wage mandate† that raising the minimum wage will only result in loss of jobs. According to the editorial board at USA Today, â€Å" inflation adjusted income of the top 1 percent has grown by 58 percent and the remaining 99 percent has only gr own by 6.4 percent†. They then state that a raise to 15 dollars an hour onlyRead MoreMinimum Wage863 Words   |  4 PagesMinimum wage is a controversial topic because everybody wants more. People want more money and some think that just increasing minimum wage can increase more money that they get. However, this is far from the truth as sometimes employers can’t pay their employers more than minimum wage. Not to mention that if the minimum wage goes up so does the price of everything else in order to adjust for the new price. So essentially increasing the wage majorly does nothing except maybe lower the value of yourRead MoreMinimum Wage and Its Implications763 Words   |  3 PagesMinimum wage affects everyone. The current minimum wage is at $7.25 and President Obama announced that he wished to see a change in the minimum wage, he wants to raise the hourly wage to $10.10. A rise in the income of those who are employed will also raise the cost of hiring unskilled lab or and can potentially reduce the number of people hired by businesses. Also, if minimum wage is raised then the price of the products that the companies are making might increase which will continue the cycle ofRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage1639 Words   |  7 PagesMinimum wage is one of the many microeconomic policies that serve to correct imbalance in the economy. It is defined as the lowest amount of remuneration required of an employer to pay his employees during a given period of work. There exist different laws in different states that can fix the minimum wage policy. A current economic issue is minimum wage, or specifically, its pertinence to social inequality. Many sectors of society would be affected by changes in this policy. Minimum wage relies on

The Scientific Revolution Of The Great Works By...

In 1543 the publication of three great works by Copernicus, Vesalius, and Archimedes sparked the Scientific Revolution. The modern day scientists of this era began to criticize the Aristotelian and Medieval Cosmological views of the world as a result of further experimentation. Furthermore, the Copernican heliocentric model of the universe created an uproar among scientists and theologians alike. Most scientists were loyal to Aristotle’s cosmos and were unwilling to accept the new world view, while many religious advocates argued that the new world view was contrary to the teachings of the Bible. A prominent Copernican scientist, Galileo Galilei, lived his entire life within the context of the Scientific Revolution. In his Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina Galileo explains the way he feels the Bible relates to science, arguing that both nature and Scripture are God’s creation and thus authoritative in their own right. As a Copernican, Galileo believes in a heliocent ric model of the universe – that is, that the sun is â€Å"situated motionless in the center†¦while the earth rotates on its axis and revolves around the sun† (663, 12-16). He writes that the idea is not his own, and his critics â€Å"pretend not to know that its author†¦was Nicholas Copernicus.† (664, 4-8). Furthermore, his critics call out his propositions as contrary to the Bible and heretical. Galileo explains that these individuals attempt to use Bible passages to disprove the heliocentric cosmology, but to no

American Revolution or Evolution Free Essays

Saroosh . H. Khan American Evolution or Revolution? The theme has been subject to excessive discussion over the course of more than two centuries encompassing the existence of the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on American Revolution or Evolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although it has been taught for as long in our schools and classrooms and all other educational institutions that the year 1776 Anno Domini marks the year of American Revolution, but amidst historians and intellectuals the dilemma to whether to call it a revolution or an evolution has never been out of question. Reader! Doesn’t it enthrall one that a single word could bifurcate scholars and create factions amongst the erudite. ?Por que (why? ) there must be a reason and there is! The answer is simple yet rational: Perspective. Albert Einstein, (the famous physicist) most remembered by his theory of relativity, concluded that distance and time were not absolute. History resides in the same niche. It is more than a chronological account of past events of a period or a livelihood or development of a people, an institution, or a place. But what it is not is absolute. It is always left upon interpretation, scrutiny, analysis, probing and pondering. The perception or perspective gained through such rigorous processes is also subject to the base of a historian. It is very uncommon to find historians sharing their bases of initial learning and therefore the effect of their own era, age, surroundings and upbringing must also be taken account of. A revolution, defined by Encyclopedia Britannica is: a major, sudden, and hence typically a violent alteration in government and in related associations and structures. On the other hand Oxford dictionary defines an evolution as: the gradual development of something, especially from a simple to a more complex form. Let us decide upon the usage of the word Revolution, which one can venture out to say, could be dated from the year 1775 with its ignition being the battle of Lexington and Concord and culmination being the ratification of the constitution of the States in 1782. Seemingly easy doesn’t it? It doesn’t really respond to how fundamentally did the thoughts, ideals, ideology and mindset of a 2. 5 million inhabitants change and led to he chain of events that became known as the American Revolution. What I believe is that no people in the course of history have ever rebelled against a certain state, condition or ideology without a buildup of grievances, resentment or a gradual shift of attitude towards accepting a better socio-dogma. Let’s go back to the early 17th century when immigrations began to take place into the New Wo rld. Herds of folks comprising of German, Irish, Scottish, Welsh, Jewish descent and not to mention the French Huguenots, began pouring into the lands in order to escape from the fetters of the Old World. They did not have any more an appetite for its rituals, its doctrines, its curbing of civil liberties, and mostly the cost of living in it. One can even say at this particular time, that they were revolting as a denouement of the evolution of the aforementioned causes. So it would be appropriate to say that a 17th century Europe was in revolution. Let’s go further with this theory and say that the immigrants reaching the New World were revolutionaries. Almost 150 years of Pax Americana (used strictly in context with the time period and not according to current usage) so to say was enjoyed by the colonists. During this time, some changes irrevocably did take place. This is evident from the fact that the language that the majority of the immigrants originally spoke had evolved into a different dialect. So from this we can also entrust upon the belief that alongside linguistics political and socio-economic changes did also take place. A political change that actually began with the migrations was the rise of a political ideology known as Republicanism. Technically ruled by Great Britain or more accurately looked over, the colonies practiced the policy through their town halls and city councils. Very famous examples of such republican instruments were the Virginia House of Burgesses and the Massachusetts Assembly. These were regulated by either representative or direct democracy. The symbol of democracy at the time was looked upon as the House of Commons in England, however it did seem a bit more than contradicting to have the Buckingham Palace towering high in the very country. The colonists did give their allegiances to the monarch but because of the fact that it was kind of conditional. Although they did not realize it nor was it formally declared but they remained docile because they were never tampered by British legislations. They had during this time, created their own principles, created their own system of jurisprudence, law, justice, methods of trade, commerce, education, agriculture etc. When after the French and Indian war, the British began actively participating in the earlier enumerated colonial components of society; it would’ve obviously been not received glad handedly by the Colonists as it did not. Let’s now examine the economic evolution that took place to ensure America’s Independence. The 150 year old period was in terms of trade and commerce coined as a period of salutary neglect. For the colonists it brought economic prosperity and industrialization. For the British it was shooting themselves in the foot. Intentional lax in order to show the appreciation for economic freedom while regulating the policy of mercantilism. Does it make any sense? One would question Robert Walpole’s sanity between all of this; however he is not our subject of concern. What you shall so sow so shall you reap; a very old and passed around saying isn’t it? But it does make sense in the context. The British for a very long period of time followed the policy and the colonist enjoyed its benefits. Smuggling was nothing out of the blue, very common. Other European nations also benefitted from it, the Colonial agriculture products such as hay, wheat, barley, maize and cotton were valued highly in foreign markets. When the British annoyed at Colonial stubbornness to pay taxes, passed the writs of assistance; there was an outrage. There had to be one, like it did, smuggling was not put up with anymore and a flow of revenue generation created as a result of foreign trade stagnated. How were the merchants to run their businesses without the freedom of trading being allowed to them as it had always been? Hence there was an outcry by the merchants who went bankrupt as a result of such legislation. Ah! One cannot expect the theme to be talked about without the mentioning of taxes somewhere or another. The country was not at all familiar with taxes; once again it is necessary to mention that when we talk about being not being tampered for almost 150 years it is meant more than it sounds. Citizens in Britain were obliged to pay taxes, however their brethren in the New World were not. I do at times believe that absolute freedom corrupts absolutely, there should be some harnesses or bridles put on in order to let ivility root in or in this case for rule to sustain. When suddenly exposed to direct taxes such as Stamp Act and Sugar Acts why would it not cause havoc with in the colonists? It would lead to acrimony towards the crown like it did, it would lead to mass protests like it did and would lead to severing of ties like it did. In the beginning I wrote about how a historical event is su bject to independent interpretation. How historians may or may not agree on something because of the different elements molding the shape of the basis for their knowledge. I must confess that it is not arbitrary and applies to myself as it does to any other individual. I believe that evolution without revolution is lame and revolution without evolution blind, very similar to what Einstein said about religion and science. One thing is for certain though, nothing is by nature revolutionary. There has to be friction to beget fire. During the 150 year period evolutionary changes in political beliefs, social policies and economic mechanisms did take place otherwise the colonists would’ve never armed themselves to teeth and hoisted the flag of revolution. 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Colonialism in an Outpost of Progress free essay sample

â€Å"An Outpost of Progress† is a story of irony and colonialism in Africa in the nineteenth century, written by Joseph Conrad. In this Story two European men, named Kayerts and Carlier, are deployed to a trading outpost in a remote part of the African jungle. They take part ivory trading in hopes of making themselves and the company they work for wealthier. Trading outposts in the late nineteenth century were a trademark for colonialist efforts in foreign lands. Colonialism is the establishment, exploitation, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colonies in one territory by people from another territory (Wikipedia). During the nineteenth century Africa had to deal with a lot of pressure from European imperialists. These pressures included diplomatic pressures, military invasions, and eventual colonization. By the early twentieth century, the majority of Africa had been colonized by European powers. Although heavily colonized already, Africa, the â€Å"vast and dark country† (Conrad Page 2) represented a large territory that had not been taken advantage of completely for its land and natural resources. England along with many other colonialist powers made many attempts at Africa in an attempt to continue their colonialist dominance. â€Å"It is inherent in a great colonial and commercial empire like ours that we go forward† (Lugard 585). An example of colonialist tactics that were implemented towards the end of the nineteenth century that Conrad incorporated in â€Å"An outpost of progress† was Kayerts and Carlier being assigned to the trading outpost in Africa. These two men were transferred from government posts at home and sent, like the previous station chief to the unknown country to â€Å"civilize† the natives and establish good local markets and to earn profits to send home. However, Kayerts and Carlier were in no way, shape, or form the men for the job and the Director of the company knew it: Look at those two imbeciles. They must be mad at home to send me such specimens. I told those fellows to plant a vegetable garden, build new storehouses and fences, and construct a landing-stage. I bet nothing will be done! They wont know how to begin. I always thought the station on this river useless, and they just fit the station! They will form themselves there, said the old stager with a quiet smile. At any rate, I am rid of them for six months, retorted the director. (Conrad Page 2) Their mission was to bring their way of life to a savage people. Kayerts and Carlier and the Company represent what was going on culturally during the period of European expansion. The leaders of Europe saw it as their duty to conquer and rule countries containing different cultures and races of people. Cultural diversity was an unknown concept. People were placed on a scale of value, from highest to lowest. The people of Africa were seen as the lowest kind of people. European colonists believed they were at the high end of human development. They used every kind of coercion to subdue native people. From guns to religion, they thought it was their right, even their duty, to expand European beliefs, and values all over the world (Stanard). Like the station chief before them, however, their success was limited. Kayerts and Carlier were completely unprepared and unskilled to perform the work expected of them and that which would be necessary to build a successful â€Å"outpost of progress. † â€Å"They were two perfectly insignificant and incapable individuals, whose existence is only rendered possible through the high organization of civilized crowds† (Conrad Page 2). The two men had no clue of the opportunity for expansion that they had around them: They lived like blind men in a large room, aware only of what came in contact with them (and of that only imperfectly), but unable to see the general aspect of things. The river, the forest, all the great land throbbing with life, were like a great emptiness. Even the brilliant sunshine disclosed nothing intelligible. Things appeared and disappeared before their eyes in an unconnected and aimless kind of way. The river seemed to come from nowhere and flow nowhither. It flowed through a void. (Conrad 3-4) To go along with being unprepared and unskilled for their task, they also lacked good support from the Company that deployed them to this trading post. â€Å"The women of Gobilas village walked in single file through the reedy grass, bringing every morning to the station, fowls, and sweet potatoes, and palm wine, and sometimes a goat. The Company never provisions the stations fully, and the agents required those local supplies to live. They had them through the good-will of Gobila, and lived well. † How is someone to complete such a task without the proper assistance from their homeland? Moreover, how do you expect two men who do not remotely know each other and are both completely unfit to even come anywhere near completing the tasks that was set forth for them to do. However, despite these obstacles, Kayerts and Carlier were still drawn together due to their circumstances. Conrad wrote, â€Å"The two men got on well together in the fellowship of their stupidity and laziness. Together they did nothing, absolutely nothing, and enjoyed the sense of the idleness for which they were paid. And in time they came to feel something resembling affection for one another† (Conrad Page 3). Kayerts and Carlier had the help of a man from Sierra Leone by the name of Makola. It was very evident in the story that Makola did not like or at least have a common respect for the two Europeans. Although Makola was there to help Kayerts and Carlier at the outpost, he actually wound up using them to make himself richer by brokering deals for ivory tusks. The irony in this is that Kayerts and Carlier were sent to this trading post to establish viable markets and generate cash, yet the man assigned to help them who was believed to be of a lower race wound up using them to make him and his family wealthier. Makola went behind Kayerts and Carlier’s backs to make a trade for 6 ivory tusks for the ten workers assigned to that station. Kayerts and Carlier did not like the workers because they showed the exact same qualities as the two Europeans did, laziness and an inability to perform assigned tasks. Kayerts and Carlier found the â€Å"wilderness† (Conrad Page 2) around them untamed and threatening, not necessarily because of what it contained, but because they did not know what it contained. The â€Å"immense forests† hid â€Å"fateful complications of fantastic life,† (Conrad Page 4). The two white men had no idea what was in the forest but knew it was something and they believed it to be very profitable but were scared to go after it. This wildness of their surroundings also mirrored and amplified the â€Å"primitive nature of primitive man,† which, like the forest, â€Å"brings sudden and profound trouble into the heart† (Conrad Page 5). Although Kayerts and Carlier do absolutely nothing in an attempt to make their trading post a successful outpost of progress, they still believe they have done something significant. After reading a paper called â€Å"Our Colonial Expansion† the two men discuss how they will be the first â€Å"civilized† men to live in that area. Kayerts and Carlier believed that they have played a role in the civilization of a territory that may eventually, 100 years from that point, have â€Å"Quays, and warehouses, and barracks, and–and–billiard-rooms. Civilization, my boy, and virtue–and all† (Conrad Page 5). They are proud of the possibility that they were the first â€Å"civilized† men to live in this remote and worthless outpost that doesn’t possess any aspects of what they believe to be a civilized society. These attitudes represented that of colonialist powers perfectly. â€Å"Struggle and suffering have been the stages by which the white man has reached his present stage of development, and they account for the fact that he no longer lives in caves and feeds on roots and nuts† (Pearson Page 26). This sort of rhetoric was used by the colonial powers to convince its naive and unprepared representatives that â€Å"This dependence of progress on the survival of the fitter race, terribly black as it may seem to some of you, gives the struggle for existence its redeeming features; it is the fiery crucible out of which comes the finer metal† (Pearson Page 26). What the colonialists are saying is that although what we are doing is wrong, it is what needs to be done to bring these â€Å"savage† people to a more â€Å"civilized† way of living. The powerful countries of the world accepted the idea of European Expansion. The idea that white people were superior to those of color was nearly unquestioned. This perceived superiority ran very deep. Religion, culture, morals and values were all used to support the idea that Europeans were civilized while people in other countries were not. At the same time, an image of native people began to arise. As we struggle to understand one another, some have idolized the different. In the civil rights movement, all black people were considered to be good, or all black people were considered to be bad. Joseph Conrad, speaking at the end of the nineteenth century, saw these issues. He presented his evidence that all men are equal in one way or another. In â€Å"An Outpost of Progress† he didnt try to point out the good in all people, no matter what their color or culture. Instead, Conrad decided to show us that all people are capable of evil. In that one specific way, we are all equal because we all have the potential to do evil. Makola, the band of strangers, Carlier and Kayerts are all judging one another as inferior. Each of them is trying to overcome the other for his own personal gains. The irony in this is that even though Kayerts and Carlier held themselves to be superior to Makola and the rest of the native people and believed themselves to be more â€Å"civilized† than the â€Å"savage† people that they were sent to colonize, they turned to be just as evil and as much of a â€Å"savage as the rest of them when they got into an argument over sugar that resulted in the death of Carlier.

The literature of the Middle Kingdom

Table of Contents Introduction Egypt Values and Ideas Things I have Read The Society Enlightened Conclusion Work Cited Introduction In The history of ancient Egypt, The Middle Kingdom of Egypt refers to a period that stretches over the eleventh dynasty up to the completion of the fourteenth dynasty. This is the period in history known to be between 2055BC and 1650BC. This period was dominated by Osiris cult in major parts of Egypt.Historians have documented proof showing that the Middle Kingdom partially owned the 13th Dynasty.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The literature of the Middle Kingdom specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Historians argue that part of the thirteenth dynasty belonged to the Middle Kingdom. Hence, this era saw the 11th dynasty ruling from Thebes, while  El-lisht  was the operating village for the 12th dynasty. When the old kingdom collapsed, Egypt plunged into a time when Pharaonic po wer was weak. Egypt Many facets characterized the literature of the Middle Kingdom. Thus, the literature shaped Egyptian culture in numerous ways. According to Lichtheim(128), the literature produced during this era was anchored on Egyptian official castes. Perhaps, it can be attributed to the message which was conveyed. Besides, most of the literature published during this era was mainly circulated after the approval by central administration of theMiddle kingdom. The Egyptian royal court was portrayed as the powerhouse of all literary material, thus, other facets of Egyptian culture failed adequately to match the philosophical significance linking courts and literature. In understanding how this literature shaped ancient Egypt, clear evidence can be linked to the courts of the time.The courts were widespread across geographical region in the Kingdom and this simplified administration,whereas providing easy circulation of literarymaterials. Consequently, the literature of this time was closely linked to individual identity. According toLichtheim (113), this was seen as a symbol of unsociablecharacter because it precipitated stress on the latent of adverse characteristics of the prevailing individual situation. Values and Ideas The Middle Kingdom was endowed with a variety of ideas and values. This was explicitly expressed in Literary approach present. Literary world in ancientEgypt pointed to a unified or near to ordinary verbal language of  everyday society. The languages of legendary texts, excluding Tale of Wole and Amun were a hybrid that evolved progressively as a result of spoken pre-history undertakings. Thus, this showed the value anchored on historical happenings. According to Lichtheim(33), the syntax of the language of contemporarybooklets, for example portrayed extensive use of semanticdevices (Lichtheim, 113).Advertising Looking for essay on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consequently,substantial language use can be nevertheless be differentiated with conventional Egyptian culture.The idea of embracing designs on papyrus is noted to have massively increased the use of symbol texts. Papyrus creativity of the MiddleKingdom encouraged graving, of non- royal biographies and of amalgamsdesigns such as; Harris Papyrus linked the o interpretations of the act of Ramesses III centers between Conventional and late Egypt. Things I have Read The history of Middle Kingdom in Egypt rejuvenates in me the mythical account of XVII Dynasty.  The account of this dynasty was limited, and comprised of poorly conserved papyrus texts, thus the majority of preserved copies emanated from the Middle Kingdom scripts did not provide enough information about their culture and administration structure (Lichtheim, 4). Besides, these scripts did not inaugurate explicitly in terms of whether the middle literary approach engulfed the creek of custom during this historical period of the dynasty. The Orthodox Egyptian quantity seems to have been comparatively well distinct. Consequently, the Rhind mathematical papyruses infuriate me. It was a kind of notation located at the rear of papyrus during the Second Intermediate Period. It was an element regarding the stream of culture which survived into dynasty XVIII (Lichtheim, 31). However, Rhind mathematical papyruses did little to document its works, thus hampering its masterpiece survival The famous dynasty XVIII texts were apparent for innovation in terms of literary structure. This originality was evident in kingly engravings, biography and church hymns. The genres were categorized as â€Å"useful† texts other than belleslettres. They were anchored on Middle Age legacy. For example, the temple of Hatshepsut found atDeir el-Bahri, categorically displays a mimic of Middle Kingdom replicas and the establishment of monumental engraving, largely are subjective by  these  replicas. Hence, this acquaints me of the important information I have come across (Lichtheim, 39). The royal engravings during the dynasty XVIII on Berlin Leather building was ascribed with texts by Senwosret I. The engravings were preserved for authentic purposes. This was perhaps for providing evidence in terms of study of ancient texts, models or for composition of attributed works to aid manufacture of a culture.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The literature of the Middle Kingdom specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The engraving depicts the power of ancient art of Middle Kingdom in the Egyptian society.Senworset I, with his engravings attributed to Berlin Leather, tolerates the importance of the Middle Kingdom culture by bestowing the king’s role, something similarly seen in the White Chapel of Senworset I in Amenhotep (Lichtheim, 22). The autobiographies, which have been covered  on  a limited aspect studied as a historical genr e (Lichtheim, 41), are sundry but not aptly innovative as royal writings and less modernistic than  the  marginallypastwriting of Emhab (Lichtheim, 9).  Most significant non royal shrines during this time mimicked sculptures and tombs, rather than the typical of the Middle Kingdom. They embraced this regularly and thus memoirs had long writingsslightly than typecastmatters something have learned. However, the autotrophies differed in terms of accounts of subject contribution or soldiery affairs or had a characteristic flair mirrored from the first half of the century of the dynasty  Further, Middle Kingdom autobiographies altered as noted by Lichtheim (11). This was due to different social classes and religious belief. A clear approach is that of Stela of Baki who showed aphilosophicalobsession in traditional Egyptian literature. Besides, the numerouscanticlesconserved from the middle Kingdom were primarily in  non-royal  tombs. They ranged from typecast to a more distin ct, thusaffirming dynamic life outside the main liturgical framework and spearheading growth of thoughts through dialogue of canticle. The Society Enlightened TheMiddle Kingdom literature was divided into two broad principal periods. These periods were before and after the period of Amarna during the late XVII dynasty. In this sense, the antique chapter resembles largely with the introduction of late Egyptian as a carved type of language embodying a divergent composition and orthography. Hence this showed the continuation of traditional Egyptian. During the dynasty XIX, the literature works were collected and middle ones written in expressions and later exposed to standard communication in script copies (Lichtheim, 89). Thus, we can assert that most prose writers of Egypt’sMiddle Kingdom were skilled. Further, mythical chronicles were highly written thus creating part of charmed prescriptions during this period. The prose writers’ during this time were not confirmed fo r conventional Egyptian writings hence most of the work was centered on love poetry.Advertising Looking for essay on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, skillful writers championed for papyrus collations. Papyrus collations were important for teaching purposes. The categories of written items categories included; historical shards and passages which demonstrated ideologies of association and effective use of literature. Some of the work which theMiddle Kingdom demonstrated its writing prowess included; The Fisherman’s Wife, Story of Isi, Amenopeand other aspects of instructional texts. This works were preserved in the Middle Kingdom Ostracon until the 4th century (Lichtheim,3).  The Middle Kingdom legendary works would have subsisted if the milieu of spread had been preserved. According to Lichtheim(4),the relative short survival of Middle Kingdom literature of ancient Egypt, whose originality spanned for three centuries, depicts the contrast that prevail between â€Å"modernism† and â€Å"classicism†. Hence this period was synonymous of transmitting forms of high quality written literature by its wri ters. The Kingdoms which inherited later had an easy time of having â€Å"outstanding tradition of literacy works†, thus the outstanding traditions was the efforts of originality and skills of the Middle Kingdom writers (Lichtheim,7). Further, the sustenance of late Egyptian, orthodox, and ostensiblepause of legendary originality in orthodox Egyptian, established a condition by which traditionally, the crucial work become ossified and disjointed from dynamicMiddle Kingdom structure this clearly affirms the presence of skilled writers during this time. Conclusion The Middle Kingdom literature was an interesting piece of literary workever written in history. It brings enlightenment in the literature world. We can ably conclude that, the literary acumen of the Middle kingdom writers were civilized and updated. This is illustrated in their works such as poetry, art, hymns among others. The preservation up to present, clearly demonstrates the richness of history. Work Cited Lichth eim, Miriam. Ancient Egyptian Literature: The Middle Kingdom. California: Universityof California Press, 2006 This essay on The literature of the Middle Kingdom was written and submitted by user Osvaldo Gould to help you with your own studies. 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Essay on Improper BargainingEssay Writing Service

Essay on Improper BargainingEssay Writing Service Essay on Improper Bargaining Essay on Improper BargainingIssue: The issue is the possible agreement between parties concerning their pricing policies after their partnership has come to the end, since the agreement between the parties implies that they ex-partners will coordinate and agree their accounting policies for the year after the end of the partnership.Rule: the rule of reasonRule explanation: the rule of reason is the anti-trust law that aim at the prevention of price fixing and monopolization of the market, when such actions threaten to unreasonably restrain trade.Application: In case of partners, who have agreed to end up their partnership, there is the intention to fix price and maintain their monopolistic position in the Chicago area for a year. Therefore, the rule of reason can be applied to this case, even though partners limit their agreement by one year. In fact, the problem is that they attempt to fix prices and restrain trade in their industry by coordinating their pricing policies. In such a way, ex-partners virtually receive an effective tool, which they can use to maintain their monopolistic position in the market. There is no reason for such prolonged agreement on common accounting of ex-partners because their partnership has come to the end. Hence, partners are trying to breach the anti-trust law and the rule of reason should be applied to them.Conclusion: Thus, the case reveals the fact that the rule of reason is very important because one and the same policy may be interpreted in different ways. For example, the policy conducted by ex-partners would be reasonable and did not raise the issue of the violation of the anti-trust law but, after the end of their partnership such policies are unacceptable and liable to the rule of reason provisions.

Medical Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Medical Innovation - Essay Example Let us see how they differ. The word 'Technology' can be defined as - "The application of knowledge to meet the goals, goods, and services desired by people [3]. The word "Innovation' can be defined as - "The introduction of new ideas, goods, services, and practices which are intended to be useful. The main driver for innovation is often the courage and energy to better the world. An essential element for innovation is its application in a commercially successful way [4]." To be clearer, Technology introduces useful goods, services etc., by making use of existing techniques whereas innovation is actually bringing out something which is entirely new. The field of healthcare and medicine is rapidly evolving. Lots of developments are taking place in this field on an every day basis. Innovation in the field comprises of introducing new ideas, methods of treatment, drugs, and medical devices, keeping in view the overall people's health status and the different kinds of disease that are also cropping up competitively with the technology improvement. In today's rapidly developing and advanced world, innovation in the field of health care and medicine has taken a completely new and faster pace. Simultaneously, the number of diseases, primarily 'lifestyle-related diseases' such as diabetics, hypertension etc are also becoming very serious problems. Myocardial infection, cerebral apoplexy etc, are certain crucial illnesses that are the results of these life-style related diseases. For such illnesses to be tackled in a better way or even to be prevented, daily healthcare has got a very crucial part to play. Daily healthcare can be attribu ted to exercise, proper and balanced diet, stress etc. Though there is a lot of technology development and innovation happening in this field, certain kinds of diseases like diabetics etc. do not have specific care etc for their treatment. General care like diet care and regular exercising

Instruction and target andience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Instruction and target andience - Essay Example e the existing instructions and borrow a few ideas from that or aim to make more improvements in order to make the new instructions effective and more likely to be understood by the target audience. If the instructions are for the children for example, they have to be written in larger font size and made very legible, the language used must be very simple to understand, the steps in the instructions very few like five at most to avoid them forgetting as well as use different colors to write the instructions in order to keep them interested. The instructions can even contain graphics in order to be remembered easily. Still targeting the children as the audience, it must be remembered that headings of the instructions are very important and should be written in bold letters as â€Å"Headings not only help chunk information into easily digestible parts but also guide readers through a page and signal the relative importance of topics (Terryberry

Traditional Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Traditional Marketing - Essay Example Traditional marketing is in effect focused on markets and products, giving little consideration to customers - what they want and need, how they buy and when. Adrian Payne (1991) notes that "traditional marketing concentrates on product features, has minimal interest in customer service, limited customer contact, and where quality is primarily a concern of production." The marketing mix approach is "too limited to provide a usable framework for assessing and developing customer relationships in many industries and should be replaced by an alternative model in which the focus is on customers and relationships (Gordon, I., 1999)." For these reasons, not a few companies soon found traditional marketing ineffective in selling consumer products. If sales were made at all, the level does not warrant the expense sunk in the traditional marketing tools such as radio, TV and outdoor ads as well as trade shows and direct mail. Gradually, it was acknowledged that traditional marketing is not suitable for selling relatively low-value products to the broad masses of customers. In this case, the sales income is often not commensurate with the advertising and promotional costs. In the search for a marketing system that would broaden the product scope and concentrate on how to retain customers instead of simply attracting customers to products and services, marketing experts came up with the idea o... The earliest users of the term relationship marketing included Len Berry (1983) and Jag Sheth at Emory. Theodoro Levitt (1983) of Harvard subsequently expanded the initial concept to cover activities beyond individual transactions. Customer retention is at the heart of relationship marketing. Unlike the traditional marketing approach, which goes by one-shot individual transactions, relationship marketing seeks to build longer-term relationships with the customers. Thus, it calls for ways to understand the customer's needs as they go through their life cycle and provides a range of products or services as the customers need these at each cycle. In short, keeping the customers forever (Gordon, I., 1999). The idea of seeking to provide the customer's specific needs at each phase of his life led to the development of relationship marketing. Increased profitability is the common objective of both the traditional and relationship marketing strategies but the most glaring difference is that one makes a sale and then moves on to another prospect, while the other stays with one customer longer to attend to all his needs. This is service marketing at work, which means servicing the customer's necessities from childhood to adolescence, from middle age to his senior years. Less Cost, More Benefits The advantage of relationship marketing is that despite the expanded scope and longer attention span provided by the companies to customers, the cost of retaining an existing customer is said to be about 10 per cent less than the cost required in acquiring a new customer. Moreover, the company derived other benefits such as referrals. (Wikipedia)

Helen Of Troy Analysis

Helen Of Troy Analysis In this essay, we analyze and compare the icon of beauty, Helen of Troy in one historical source as well as one contemporary source. More specifically, we refer to William Butler Yeats poem, No second Troy and Wolfgang Petersens movie Troy. We compare the symbol of Helen in these two sources in terms of intertextuality, polyphony and ideology. In the following part of the essay, we first give a brief background of the ancient myth of Helen; then we compare the poem No Second Troy and the film Troy in three aspects; finally, we give a conclusion of our analysis and comparison. Background Helen, also known as Helen of Troy and Helen of Sparta, is a mythological figure in ancient Greece. Her myth finds its origin in the Mycenaean age and the name Helen was first shown in Homers poem. According to most prehistoric myths (e.g., Iliad and Odyssey), She was born in Sparta and was the daughter of Leda, queen of Sparta, and Zeus. Ovids Heroides indicates that Helen spent her youth in Sparta and had the classical physical education, such as practicing arms and hunting. When Helen came to her marry age, a number of kings and princes all over the world were enchanted by her beauty and sent in precious gifts to court her. In order to select an ideal husband for Helen without offending other suitors, Odysseus suggested to let all the suitors swear not to retaliate the chose one. In the end, Menelaus became Helens husband. After several years of their marriage, the young Trojan prince, Paris, came to Sparta for diplomatic reasons. Previously, Zeus asked Paris to claim the most bea utiful goodness and Aphrodite promised him the most beautiful woman. Paris then chose Helen of Sparta. Some historical sources state that Helen was abducted by Paris to Troy, while others claim that she was willing to follow Paris and to leave Menelaus. The abduction of Helen became the direct cause of the war between the Trojan and the Greek. The English dramatist Christopher Marlowe depicted Helen as having a face that launched a thousand ships. In Iliad, Helen actually regretted to run away and gradually discovered that her lover Paris was not as brave and capable as his brother Hector at all. The descriptions of Helen in the Trojan War were ambiguous and usually conflict each other. After the fall of Troy, Helen returned to Sparta and was back to live with Menelaus, as stated in Odyssey. Yet in the play Orestes, Helen left the mortal world and was taken to Olympus. William Butler Yeats (1865 C 1939) was an Irish poet, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1923. Yeats met Maud Gonne, an Irish nationalist in 1889 and ever since then, she became a major subject in Yeats poems. No Second Troy was approximately written around 1908 and it indeed refers to Maud Gonne. Troy, the epic war film directed by Wolfgang Petersen in 2004, was adapted from Homers great poem The Iliad. The film basically follows the story line in Iliad and re-presents the grand scenes in the Trojan War. It mainly features the characters of Achilles, Hector, Paris, Agamemnon, Menelaus and Helen. Analysis and Comparison Intertextuality Intertextuality refers to the relationship of one text to other similar texts, which shows the interaction among different sources. Both the film Troy and the poem No Second Troy are mainly based on the description of the Trojan War in ancient Greek myths and Homers Iliad, yet they all make adaptations to express different emotions. Yeats used the story of Helen as a background of his poem. The content of the poem is consistent to the mythology history in terms of its literal description that beauty causes a crucial war (Have taught to ignorant men most violent ways, With beauty like a tightened bow). However, in the original story, Helen was involved in the Trojan War and she regretted her decision when seeing so much death and sadness caused by the war. Since Yeats intended to compare the symbol Helen to Maud Gonne, Helens character in his poem was changed to fit in with Maud Gonnes personality. In Yeats poem, Helen takes initiative in the war and uses her beauty to her advantage ( Was there another Troy for her to burn?). The readers can clearly feel her determination and perseverance (Being high and solitary and most stern). Troys plot also has several obvious deviations from the book. Firstly, the Gods are not introduced into the film. While in Homers writing, the Gods actually played a key role in the Trojan War. For example, Poseidon supported the Greeks and Aphrodite was on the Trojan side to protect Paris. The omission of Gods makes the characters look more realistic thus become closer to our life and easier to understand; but on the other hand it cannot present a clear origin and history of each character. Secondly, in Iliad, later Helen discovered Paris cowardice when he dared not to fight to death with Menelaus and disgusted his behavior; while in Troy, the love between Helen and Paris was pure and sweet all the time. Indeed, Helen was even glad that Paris gave up fighting to save his life. Such adaptation is common in the context of intertextuality. These texts are built upon each other but they each serve different purpose and convey complex feelings. In our case, Yeats changed Helens character to show his sorrow caused by Maud Gonnes rejection and nationalism; Wolfgang changed Helens feeling for Paris to makes his character as well as their love more pleasant to the audience. Polyphony In music, polyphony refers to music consisting of different independent melodic voices. Borrowing this concept to literature, we define a text as polyphony if it organizes diverse points of view and voices. In No Second Troy, Yeats expressed both praise and criticism for Maud Gonne in the name of Helen. Before the poem was written, he had proposed to Maud for four times in total, starting from 1891, then 1899, 1900, and finally in 1901. Unfortunately, she refused to marry Yeats repeatedly. While Yeats was in deep sorrow because of his unfruitful love, he understood such behavior was rooted in Mauds nationalism and feminism (Why should I blame her that she filled my days / With misery, or that she would of late). Maud Gonne was a famous female revolutionist in Ireland. She wanted to resist British colonization and liberate Ireland; in order to achieve this goal, Maud took active part in campaigning for nationalism in Ireland. Maud is an unusual woman who does not want to enjoy in a pe aceful life with husband and children; she devoted herself to revolutionary activities in Ireland. It is her beauty as well as her determined character that attracted Yeats (That is not natural in an age like this, / Being high and solitary and most stern?), but her ardency in revolution also resulted in their lasting turbulent relationship, the source of Yeats sorrow. In the film Troy, the Trojan people, especially Priam and his royal families had mixed feelings for Helen as well. When Helen was first brought to the palace, Priam looked very kind and welcomed her warmly. Nevertheless, when later he was alone with Hector, he blamed him for allowing Paris to take her home. We can see that on one hand, as a father, he was glad to have such a gorgeous daughter-in-law; on the other hand, as the king of Troy, he did not want to see his country involved into a war. When they got married, the Trojan people gathered around to have a look at their beautiful princess; but later when the war b egan, Helen was blamed for all the subsequent death and sufferings. In reality, people usually do not have a pure and definite feeling for a person or some things, thus in literature, some works do not maintain a single voice and express opinions in several different angles. Helen is undoubtedly an icon of beauty, yet at the same time there are sins underlying such beauty; people also remember the tragedies induced by her. Ideology Ideology is one of the most important concepts in cultural studies. It represents a system of beliefs, and influence the way people think. Ideology forms the political and social relation in a society. The two sources in this essay show different ideologies in two distinct periods and places in human history. To understand Maud Gonne/Helens character in No Second Troy, first we need to review the dominant ideology in Irish society, which is based on conservative, capitalistic Christianity. Therefore, womens traditional role is defined as mothers and wives. They play a minor role in political and social activities, such as social reforming and the Irish revolution. Under this circumstances, Maud was an unusual women in her time (That is not natural in an age like this) and always bore a mind of resurrection; she was not controlled by the tradition in her society, but persisted in fighting for the freedom of Ireland and tried to stimulate high spirits among Irishmen. She cofounded the nationalist organization, Daughters of Erin and after turning down Yeats proposal several times, she married a fellow activist, Maj. John MacBride. In the movie Troy, the story of Helen happens in ancient Greek and Sparta. Its social ideology is indeed similar to that of Mauds society in terms of womens role. In the gender-stratified society at that time, women were usually powerless and can only subordinate to men. Helen, as an especially beautiful woman, was put in an even more disadvantageous situation, since her beauty was used by men and became her burden. Being a possession of men, she had no control over herself. In the movie, we can see that Helens destiny is much bound with the man she was with. In Sparta, Agamemnons rule resulted in a loose alliance since Achilles held a different ideology which is conflict to the dominant one and he always wanted to fight for his own. Under this fragile regime, Helen had a weak character and lacked conviction, thus she was easily persuade d by Paris to run away her husband and country. In Troy, Priams rule represents a good dominant ideology. People live in a harmonious society. During the war, Prince Hector encouraged his people to focus on the future of Troy instead of personal interests. In Priams family, Helen felt warmth, saw sacrifice and gradually she learnt to care for others. In history, womens personality is often defined by the political affairs at that time. In No Second Troy, Helen initiated the war and had clear aims; in Troy, Helen was involved in the war and failed to prevent the tragedy. Conclusion The two sources No Second Troy and Troy are both based on Iliad and other Greek myths about the Trojan War. The major story line is the same in both materials, with subtle changes tailoring to the audience and purpose of the material. The two works also show a mixed feeling for the character Helen. People admire and love her beauty but also regard her as the source a trouble in the terrible war. In addition, the figure Helen in Yeats poem and the film represents two opposite characters. In No Second Troy, Helen / Maud Gonne has a strong personality. She is open-minded, resistant, and unwilling to obey the tradition. In Troy, Helen is described as a subordinate to the men loved her. She is weak, following the flow and cannot take responsibilities. The two disparate personalities are mainly formed by the social and political status at that time. Although in both No Second Troy and Troy, women play a minor role in forming the trend of the society, Helen in Troy did not realize the right s of women and was totally helpless among mens politics and wars, while Helen in No Second Troy is not content to follow mens order and act as a good lady. Instead, she took her steps and fight for freedom for her people and country.

Essay --

Madison Lamb Louise Pompa English 11A 06 February 2014 Marriage Equality â€Å"Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness† is one thing that homosexuals are not permitted to chase. Marriage plays an important role in our society, and I personally don’t believe that people should be allowed to choose who other people are allowed to spend their life with. The right for homosexuals to marry has been a controversial topic since 1924. Denying homosexuals is a violation of our civil rights, and love should not be determined by your gender: love is love. Homosexuals only want one thing and that is a marriage licenses. They want to express their love for their partner, just like heterosexuals do. Heterosexuals have the right to be in love, why shouldn’t homosexuals? Why should homosexuals have to fight for their right to be in love, when heterosexuals can marry, and love anyone they want? Marriage is a beautiful experience where you get to express your love, and your commitment to that person. I believe that everyone should have the right to do so. Homosexuality is becoming an accepted lifestyle nowadays with most evidence strongly supporting marriage equality. According to NCSL, â€Å"as of January 2014, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Washington, including the District of Columbia have all legalized same-sex marriage.† Did you know that there is a tremendous amount of 598,791 gay couples, and 71,165 gay marriages? 53% of Americans strongly believe that same sex marriage should be legalized, while on the opposing side, 41% believe same sex marriage shouldn’t be legalized. How can homosexuality a... ...hat everyone thinks is the â€Å"normal†. Understand that everyone is equal, and it should always stay that way. Homosexuality is becoming accepted more and more in America, and whether it’s legalized or not, homosexuals are still going to be with whom they want to be with. Denying homosexuals, or anyone for that matter, is a violation of the civil rights. Discrimination is what’s wrong with our world, and denying homosexuals could put an end to all discrimination. Legalizing homosexuality will make the world a more peaceful place, and will allow each other to see what’s really on the inside. The labeling and homosexual jokes will finally come to an end, and people can love one another without questioning if it’s okay. Everyone is on the journey to find love in the world, and some people find that in the same gender. Love is love, and that’s all it really comes down to.