Microeconomic issue- halo effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Microeconomic issue-radiance impact - Essay Example nsumers will in general partner the constructive nature of a personality’s picture with an item and its image, and since shoppers have goals and wants, the vender trusts that the picture related with the item is amazing enough for the buyer to make a move; first, to want the fulfillment related with the picture, and second, to feel that the item and brand connected to the picture would be the way to accomplish that fulfillment. This relationship between a person’s notoriety and his words and activities is the thing that the Halo Effect is about (Economist.com). Thorndike in a recent report watched the Halo Effect at work in an investigation including warriors and the manner in which they evaluated their officials. He found that when warriors saw their official in a positive manner, all the officer’s activities are seen decidedly. This is the manner in which a child would treat the discipline from a dad whom the child appreciates: each discipline is for the son’s great, regardless of how low the discipline may appear to an outside onlooker. Applied to microeconomics and the conduct of firms and purchasers, the radiance impact can be seen busy working in numerous occasions. Indeed, the worldwide monetary emergency may have been brought about by the radiance impact, and a similar corona impact is being utilized to get the world out of the emergency. Rosenzweig, writing in the McKinsey Quarterly, saw how the corona impact could clarify both business achievement and disappointment, underlining the significance of customer or onlooker discernment in deciding financial conduct. Among the awfulness stories related with the emergency, the venture trick of Madoff shows how the radiance impact contributed both to his prosperity and disappointment. Madoff was a speculation investor who filled in as the Chairman of NASDAQ, the over-the-counter securities exchange that blasted in the late 1990s. As indicated by the New York Times, Madoff had the option to head NASDAQ on account of his prominent way of life and serene consistency in creating better than expected returns for speculators. His

Free Essays on Drugs And Crime

Around 4,000,000 individuals utilize unlawful medications every year. Most illegal medication use is moderately controlled 'recreational' utilization of cannabis and bliss. Individuals who attempt illegal medications are almost certain than others to submit different types of law breaking. Anyway there is no powerful proof of any causal linkage between tranquilize use and property related misconduct for most by far of this gathering. An extremely little extent of clients - under 5% of the aggregate - have riotous ways of life including subordinate utilization of heroin, break/cocaine and different medications. A considerably littler extent of clients - maybe around 100,000 individuals - account their utilization through wrongdoing. Most of the individuals who take to purchase drugs were engaged with wrongdoing before their medication utilize turned into an issue for them. This gathering of criminally included issue clients perpetrates extremely a lot of shoplifting, theft and other w rongdoing to fund medicate buys. In the event that suitable medication treatment is given to this gathering, they decrease their culpable levels. There are interfaces between certain types of unlawful medication use and wrongdoing is self-evident. The exact idea of these connections isn't. Generally varying cases are made about the degree to which wrongdoing is 'tranquilize driven'. This paper collects look into proof that can reveal insight into the connections. We have concentrated on key bits of ongoing British research, however we have likewise examined applicable American work. This audit is confined to an assessment of the connections between medicate use and property related misconduct. This is on the grounds that banter in the UK as of now rotates around the effect of medication use on violations, for example, thievery, shoplifting, burglary and other robbery. We have not analyzed connections with vicious wrongdoing. This isn't to deny that some particular medications may encourage savagery - and others may restrain it (Anglin Dobinson Harrison Jarvis and Parker, 1989). Nor should one disregard the fundamental savagery related with certain types of medication distributio... Free Essays on Drugs And Crime Free Essays on Drugs And Crime Around 4,000,000 individuals utilize unlawful medications every year. Most illegal medication use is generally controlled 'recreational' utilization of cannabis and happiness. Individuals who attempt unlawful medications are more probable than others to submit different types of law breaking. Anyway there is no influential proof of any causal linkage between sedate use and property related misconduct for by far most of this gathering. A little extent of clients - under 5% of the aggregate - have riotous ways of life including subordinate utilization of heroin, break/cocaine and different medications. A much littler extent of clients - maybe around 100,000 individuals - fund their utilization through wrongdoing. Most of the individuals who take to purchase drugs were associated with wrongdoing before their medication utilize turned into an issue for them. This gathering of criminally included issue clients carries out a lot of shoplifting, theft and other wrongdoing to back medication buys. In the event that suitable medication treatment is given to this gathering, they lessen their culpable levels. There are interfaces between certain types of illegal medication use and wrongdoing is self-evident. The exact idea of these connections isn't. Generally contrasting cases are made about the degree to which wrongdoing is 'sedate driven'. This paper collects inquire about proof that can reveal insight into the connections. We have concentrated on key bits of late British research, however we have likewise talked about applicable American work. This survey is limited to an assessment of the connections between medicate use and property related misconduct. This is on the grounds that banter in the UK as of now rotates around the effect of medication use on violations, for example, thievery, shoplifting, burglary and other robbery. We have not inspected joins with fierce wrongdoing. This isn't to deny that some particular medications may encourage viciousness - and others may hinder it (Anglin Dobinson Harrison Jarvis and Parker, 1989). Nor should one overlook the fundamental savagery re lated with certain types of medication distributio...

A Shipwreck of Faith - Free Essay Example

In Daniel Defoes book Robinson Crusoe, the main character endures many battles along his adventures while entering adulthood. As Robinson Crusoe journeys across the seas, God makes Crusoe enduress many trials. First, starting from when he sets off to sea, disobeying his parents wishes in the process, to encountering many shipwrecks, and lastly the opportunity of sharing his growing faith with others. By Crusoe encountering these many obstacles, it goes just to show how having a weak foundation in faith can reveal many unwanted paths. Christianity plays a major role in this well-known piece, as this is the biggest obstacle Crusoe is struggling with right from the jump. Crusoes father had a life plan set for him ever since he was little. He wanted his son to become a great lawyer, as stated, my fatherdesigned me for the law(Defoe 9). This was not in Crusoes heart obviously, as it was set for the ocean. Crusoe completely ignores what his father was trying to accomplish for his son, and set sail for the great adventure that the seas had to offer, showing us our first Christianity reference. In the Bible, the story of the prodigal son is a story of how two brothers both get share of their fathers inheritance. The father warns them to be careful of how they use such money, but only one son listens, as the other ignores his father and adventures what the world has to offer (New International Version, Luke 15.11-13). Crusoe is unaware of his actions as he has not developed a deep and prolonging faith within the religion of Christianity itself. In the beginning, he is what most Christians would describe as a lukewarm Christian. What this means in simpler terms is that he knows what Christianity is and says he believes in the customs and aspects of the religion, but does not live his life according to what is being described within the Bible itself. With the current situation that Crusoe is found within the beginning of the story, this takes a toll on his future escapades as his weak mind and faith have him struggle in the battles soon to come. As time moves on, Crusoe soon finds himself shipwrecked with nowhere to go. He is captured by Turkish pirates, who make Crusoe and many others their slaves. Slavery was very popular back in the time of Robinson Crusoe, so it was not looked as a terrible matter as seen today. Still, for Crusoe, he was going through a lot mentally, as one went from slave owner to slave is a drastic change in roles. Seeing this happening, readers could suggest that this was an act of God humbling Crusoe, and showing how little he was compared to everything else that was surrounding him every day, that life could change so quickly in an instant. While captured, he meets another slave, Xury. Later when Crusoe and Xury are rescued by a Portuguese sea captain, Crusoe makes a deal with the captain, to set Xury free on only one condition: he converts to Christianity (Xury in Robinson Crusoe par. 3). With this deal set between the captain and Crusoe, this demonstrates Crusoes first attempt at trying to share his steady growing faith within meeting new people. As God humbled Crusoe, it brought to the surface a different kind of sailor, who wants to show others what life is actually all about. Defoe never went into anymore detail of what happened with Xury and his call to action towards a new religion found upon by both of the slaves, but this was a very large step at the development towards Crusoes journey in the religion. Growing up with his parents, especially his father, Crusoe had a well-established education, not only for the base education taught in most schools, but within the profession his father wanted for him. Stated in the book, my father and mother about their being so positively determined against what they knew my inclinations prompted me to (Defoe 6). The profession of being a lawyer is pretty rough, not only going through and living the job out in your everyday life, but finding the differentiations between everyday people and others who differ in social class. Lawyers have to find certain kinds of tactics, how to use them, and how to apply them to certain people who might think or do things contrasting from the normal way of everyone else. With this in mind, Crusoe was probably taught this by his father, which could help him with his developing faith by putting thoughts to action. As the old saying goes, actions speak louder than words. A big example of this could be seen when Crusoe and Friday are on the cannibalistic island together. As Crusoe rescued Friday from the cannibals, he takes Friday under his ownership and shows him the basics of living, his language, and soon Crusoes second conversion of faith in someone (Robinson Crusoe Theme par. 1).. As Crusoe teaches Friday, Friday soon starts to understand a lot of Crusoes customs, but about his relationship with God. (RobinsonCrusoe par. 33) While this representation goes on, it all ties back to that original saying. Crusoe might have taught Friday about Christianity, but he also did it in action as well, most of the time unintentionally. Friday was rescued by Crusoe, but in the text he was seen calling Crusoe names of power like master (Friday in Robinson Crusoe par. 1). With this being stated, it is being depicted that Friday is under authority or power of Crusoe, much like a slave. As a slave, Friday does whatever Crusoe orders him to. Friday soon gets into this mind set later on, and since he is Crusoes property he wants to follow everything that Crusoe does, including religion. Not only was the religion of Christianity being taught, but Friday wanted to learn more and develop these thoughts to show his master that he respects him who leheartedly. This could be seen as a big leap of faith, not only by Friday, but by Crusoe himself. He is starting to develop a sturdy relationship between him and God, by bringing others to know Him. This is big for Crusoe because it is showing signs of maturity and trust as he is growing through the time spent away from home and stranded on the island. As Robinson Crusoe escapes the island and finds his way back home, he soon discovers that his plantation has made him a reasonably good amount of money. After he obtains his money from the plantation in Brazil, he pays everyone who has cared for him, starting from the Portuguese captain who rescued him and Xury, to one of his widow friends and two sisters. As this is done in the story, this could look to be another religious aspect in Christianity. Tithing is a very important matter in most churches, as it is seen as giving back to the one who has given. This is seen often, as in Christianity it is believed that the love and sacrifice that has been given to the followers of Christ is unpayable, but giving what they have to help the church is portrayed as a temporary way of doing so. This could be compared to Crusoes side of the story, as many have helped him and others along the way of his countless journeys and explorations all without any kind of payment or return at the time. As h e receives his profit, he instantly pays back the Portuguese captain who rescued him from shipwreck. He then returns to England to then repay a widowed friend and his two sisters, another example of Crusoe giving back to the ones who gave to him in the beginning. With evidence from the text and representations that back the religious aspects of Christianity, there is no doubt that Crusoe was struggling with a lack in faith. What Crusoe went through, starting from the beginning seen defying his parents wishes, to encountering new experiences through troubled times, and finally ending it with building a strong foundation in the faith of God shows that it was a tough ride for him all around. Many would say Crusoe has seen it all, but of course he sets back sailing again at the end of the story, adventuring even further to see what more the world has to offer. It is clearly shown in the story that the theme is constant all the way towards the end; No matter how tough the obstacles will become, God is always the guide towards a strong outcome. Crusoe constantly tried and tried again after every attempt to do things by himself, but as soon as he let God take the reins everything started to look brighter again in Crusoes future. As we face troubles and hardships, Crusoe should be a reminder to all that without a strong foundation in faith, it will lead us into many unwanted paths that for some, may be too difficult to endure. Works Cited Defoe, Daniel. Robinson Crusoe. 1719. Print. Shmoop Editorial Team. Robinson Crusoe Theme of Religion. Shmoop, Shmoop University, 11 Nov. 2008, www.shmoop.com/robinson-crusoe/religion-theme.html. RobinsonCrusoe A Born-Again Christian?, www.wordbasedcounseling.org/Articles/RobinsonCrusoe.htm. Shmoop Editorial Team. Xury in Robinson Crusoe. Shmoop, Shmoop University, 11 Nov. 2008, www.shmoop.com/robinson-crusoe/xury.html. Shmoop Editorial Team. Friday in Robinson Crusoe. Shmoop, Shmoop University, 11 Nov. 2008, www.shmoop.com/robinson-crusoe/friday.html. New International Version. Biblica, 2011. BibleGateway.com, www.biblegateway.com/versions/New-International-Version-NIV-Bible/

North Koreas historic behavior - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 752 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/07/30 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: North Korea Essay Did you like this example? North Korea continues to be a threat to the United States because it behaves as a rogue state actor on the global stage, has developed an illegal nuclear weapons program and capabilities, along with continuously perpetrating human rights violations against its citizens. This behavior by North Korea has escalated throughout history and has been supported by a strong rhetoric against the United States, its alias, and its interests. To label a country as a rogue state actor, there are a few behavioral characteristics that are needed. This includes blatant disregard for international laws, rash behavior and rhetoric, and hostility to the ideologies and interests of the free world. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "North Koreas historic behavior" essay for you Create order North Korea is arguably one of the most prolific rogue states within the global landscape. North Korea has consistently beaten the drum on the threats towards the United States. It has not only threatened to target United States Military facilities, but also threatened to target and destroy major metropolitan areas of United States allies. In a show of force and capabilities, in 1998, North Korea fired a long-range rocket into the Pacific Ocean, but did so over Japan. This not only showcased their range capabilities, but also matched the rhetoric that they are willing to disregard international laws with the intent of threatening the United States. Since the inception of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), North Korea has historically disregarded and violated the treaty. The largest violation of this treaty was the manufacturing of nuclear weapons. Under the treaty, inspections were scheduled to begin in May 1992. Inconsistencies began to arise during the initial inspection stages, and the following year North Korea refused access to the inspectors and withdrew from the NPT. In 2005, North Korea declared that it had manufactured nuclear weapons. The development of nuclear weapons did not only showcase their ability to behave as a rogue state actor, but it also made them a major threat in the world stage and particularly to the United States. North Korea on numerous occasions has showcased and tested short, medium, intermediate, and intercontinental, range ballistic missiles. Throughout the years, their missile range has continued to grow with potential range capabilities of 8,100 miles. While the range capability in itself is alarming, North Koreas rhetoric against the United States has continued to harden. While denouncing and threatening the United States and its allies, they have conducted a cumulative of six nuclear tests. These tests have occurred under both Kim Jon-il and Kim Jong-uns leadership. The first nuclear test was conducted in October of 2006, then in May 2009, under Kim Jon-il. While under the leadership of Kim Jung-un, North Korea detonated nuclear weapons as part of a test in February 2013, January and September 2016, and September 2017. While North Korea has stated on several occasions that they have amassed a large nuclear stockpile, estimates have ranged on the actual size. Most recently the United States Intelligence Community has confirmed that they do have nuclear weapons, based on their six nuclear tests. The current estimates of their stockpile are ranging to as many as 60 nuclear weapons. This estimate is based on the amount of enriched uranium and separated plutonium it possesses. Lastly, North Korea remains a threat to the United States by continuously perpetrating human rights abuses. Human Rights Watch has described North Korea as one of the most repressive authoritarian states in the world and that it curtails all basic human rights, including freedom of expression, assembly, and association, and freedom to practice religion. It prohibits any organized political opposition, independent media, free trade unions, and independent civil society organizations. Arbitrary arrest, torture in custody, forced labor, and public executions maintain an environment of fear and control. In 2014 the United Nations Commission of Inquiry also reported similar findings on human rights violations against North Korea. Its findings stated that the governments atrocities towards their people include murder, enslavement, imprisonment, and many other crimes against humanity. As recent as 2017, based on estimates by the International Bar Association, North Korea is holding over 80,000 political prisoners.7 These prisoners are being subjected to what the International Bar Association describes as systematic murder (including infanticide), torture, persecution of Christians, rape, forced abortions, starvation and overwork leading to countless deaths. North Koreas historic behavior as a rogue state actor, illegal manufacturing and stockpiling of nuclear weapons, and their human rights violations, all support their categorization as a threat to the United States. These activities are not isolated instances and have escalated throughout history which supports the assessment that their threat level will only continue to increase in the future.

The Energy Development Of Greening Energy Sector - 917 Words

Greening energy sector in India has started through the implementation of various policies and acts in energy sector. The electricity Act which was enforced in 2003 for the generation of renewable energy, providing sufficient support and facilitating its purchase was the first formal process in promoting clean energy (solar energy in India). Other energy policies and acts like National Tariff policy 2006, National rural electrification policies 2006 and semiconductor policy 2007 have provided ground for the establishment of standalone off grid renewable energy and also subsidised manufacturing of solar panels (solar energy in India). The installed capacity of solar power plant which was 161 MW in 2010 increased up to 4097 MW till July 2015 (Phillips, 2014).During the year 2014-2015, there has been 42 % increase in the solar power installed capacity adding up 1112 MW in the renewable energy pool (Power brochure India). Recently on August 2015, India has turned The Cochin International Airport into entirely solar powered airport producing 48 KWh of energy which is assumed to save 300,000 tons of Equivalent carbon in the next 25 years (Greenberg, 2015). This has been considered as a great achievement in clean energy development in India and around world. Madhya Pradesh, Gujrat, Rajasthan, are the leading states in solar energy production in India. With the aim to reduce the dependency in conventional fuel, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) launched the programmeShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits of Greening a City Essay677 Words   |  3 PagesThe Benefits of Greening a City Sustainable development is a major world issue in recent development. Its main idea is to meet the needs of present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, greening of cities is a very distinctive practice of this idea. 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Marketing Analysis of Oakley I Essay Example For Students

Marketing Analysis of Oakley I Essay IntroductionFor my strategic sports marketing project, I decided to report on the sports marketing activities of a particular corporation. I specifically wanted to report on the marketing operations of a rather diverse company; one that offers more than one product line for more than one sport. Oakley, Inc. is a company that offers several different products for a wide range of sports. I will now briefly describe the company and its operations, as well as its primary sports marketing goals and objectives. Company Info. Oakley, Inc. is a Washington corporation formed in March 1994 to succeed to the assets and liabilities of Oakley, Inc., a California corporation, which commenced operations in 1977 and began to sell sunglasses in 1984 (Scott, 1998). The company is an innovation-driven designer, manufacturer and distributor of consumer products, including high-performance eyewear, footwear, watches and athletic equipment. Oakleys principal strength is its ability to develop products which demonstrate superior performance and comfort through the combination of patented and other proprietary technology and unique styling. The company has focused on eyewear innovations for sports applications, and its products are worn by a variety of athletes, such as skiers, cyclists, runners, surfers, golfers, tennis and baseball players and motocross riders. In addition, the companys products, which are currently sold in over 70 countries worldwide, have become increasingly popular with fashion-oriented consumers in the larger nonsports, or recreational, segment of the sunglass market. Oakleys products currently include sunglasses (e.g. , Frogskins, M Frames, Zeros, Wires, Jackets, X Metal, Fives, and Topcoat), goggles, face shields for use with sports helmets, sunglass accessories, gear bags and a limited range of athletic footwear, technical apparel and premium timepieces (Scott, 1998). With focus on consumers for the next generation, the company has established itself as a legitimate world brand with unique expertise in product design, performance and production. Product Design DevelopmentState-of-the-art technology allows Oakley to shorten dramatically its product development cycle. Stereolithographic computer modeling is combined with CAD/CAM liquid laser prototyping to create fully detailed, wearable prototypes of eyewear and footwear (Oakley. com, 1999). Rapid iteration of working models allows for extensive testing and perfecting of product design before introduction to the public. After the development stage is complete, the final sculpture can be used directly in preparation of production tooling. Utilizing these processes, the company is capable of introducing a new product line within four months of initial concept. Oakley has obtained hundreds of patents worldwide to protects its proprietary manufacturing methods and product features. Among the companys most important patents are those which guard its achievements in torodial single-lens geometry and the associated manufacturing techniques, dual-spherical lens technology and the associated optical advances, and innovations in frame design and functionality (Oakley.com, 1999). The proprietary technologies employed in lens cutting, etching, and coating, as well as the companys significant investments in specialized equipment, are matched with exclusive formulations of production materials to produce the superior optical quality, safety and performance of Oakley eyewear (Mayes, 1998). Oakleys historical success is attributable to its introduction of products that represent improvements in performance and style over goods available on the market. To that end, the company strives to develop methods of production that provide greater precision and less cost than its competition. Establishing itself as a global brand, Oakley has diversified beyond the eyewear market. The utilization of advanced technologies in fabrics and fabrication has placed Oakley at the forefront of innovation in the design and production of apparel. In addition to clothing, Oakley has also entered the performance footwear market. The initial footwear release was marked by a reinvention of current styles and sciences. The company continues to expand the limits of todays technologies, most recently by introducing wristwatches that merge critical innovations in gearing, bearings and microcircuitry from around the world (Oakley.com, 1999). .uecf04a6bc6b00369e803f45d856f55c6 , .uecf04a6bc6b00369e803f45d856f55c6 .postImageUrl , .uecf04a6bc6b00369e803f45d856f55c6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uecf04a6bc6b00369e803f45d856f55c6 , .uecf04a6bc6b00369e803f45d856f55c6:hover , .uecf04a6bc6b00369e803f45d856f55c6:visited , .uecf04a6bc6b00369e803f45d856f55c6:active { border:0!important; } .uecf04a6bc6b00369e803f45d856f55c6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uecf04a6bc6b00369e803f45d856f55c6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uecf04a6bc6b00369e803f45d856f55c6:active , .uecf04a6bc6b00369e803f45d856f55c6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uecf04a6bc6b00369e803f45d856f55c6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uecf04a6bc6b00369e803f45d856f55c6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uecf04a6bc6b00369e803f45d856f55c6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uecf04a6bc6b00369e803f45d856f55c6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uecf04a6bc6b00369e803f45d856f55c6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uecf04a6bc6b00369e803f45d856f55c6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uecf04a6bc6b00369e803f45d856f55c6 .uecf04a6bc6b00369e803f45d856f55c6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uecf04a6bc6b00369e803f45d856f55c6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Surgeon's Story Essay The company intends to introduce other product line extensions and new product lines in the future, in order to attract additional consumers to the brand. This type of diversity is part of the reason why Oakley has been so successful. Sales MarketingThe primary functions of Oakleys sales force are to sell to each retailer the appropriate mix and quantity of Oakley products, ensure

Mother courage and her children Essay Example

Mother courage and her children Paper Even more than most of Bertolt Brecht’s plays, â€Å"Mother Courage and Her Children† has irony at its centre. Its central events are heartrending: a mother loses all three of her children, and her own chances for a decent life, in violent and even sadistic ways, and continues staggering onward, surviving by her wits and her sheer will. And yet, Brecht wanted his plays to be performed in such a way that the audience would not be seduced into caring for or identifying with the characters. He wrote them so that in their very structure, they would continually remind the audience that they were just actors and that the integral part of the production is not the story, but the meaning behind it. With their rush of disconnected scenes, often framed by explicit narration, cynical violence, cruelty and suffering, Brecht’s plays tend to be the sort of challenge that any director relishes. In the essay, I should like to attempt to convey how I would prepare and direct actors for the last two scenes of â€Å"Mother Courage†. It is often understood that Brecht did not want his actors to embody and express emotions in the way that, for instance, Stanislavski would have typically ask them to. He preferred us to understand the complex realism behind a line like â€Å"Whenever there are great virtues, its a sign somethings wrong. † This poses choices: when Mother Courage has to cradle her dead daughter in her lap, she can either express her agony or she can bear it with stoicism and perhaps humour. We will write a custom essay sample on Mother courage and her children specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mother courage and her children specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mother courage and her children specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I would choose the latter, because from a Brechtian point of view, rather than Mother Courage being an audacious character who earns the audience’s respect, it would portray that she cares more about her business and exploitation of war than her own children surely not an appropriate mindset of a mother. To prepare my actors for this challenge, I would make sure that they had all considered their â€Å"GEST†. This means that they should be prepared to express their characters’ emotion and social attitudes in a clear, stylised way. They should do this by practicing things such as their body language and their gestures. I would want my actors to demonstrate their character rather than trying to make them naturalistic. To do this, they should act as witnesses to the story rather than participants. I would tell my actors to exaggerate their parts so that if someone took a photograph at any time during the scenes, they would be able to tell what the message is that should be coming across. During these last two scenes, I would want the stage crew to be seen on stage occasionally punctuating the action with various percussion instruments, chorally announcing scenes or what is about to happen (and dying as they do so to set the scene as the aftermath of war). I think that this would attempt to break the illusion of a â€Å"fourth wall†. This means that straight away, the audience would be reminded that it is just a play, and they are just actors. I would make sure that the Lieutenant’s character is played robotically. The actor should do this by mindlessly marching onto the stage and speaking in a very monotone voice throughout, even when there is true action going on around him. I believe that this would convey that the Lieutenant has been robbed of his passion and soul because of war. He is no longer a real person just a clone, a pawn in a play about the corrupt effects of war. The three soldiers that are following him should drunkenly stagger onto the stage, pushing each other over and laughing with one another. They should now and again mimic the Lieutenant’s walk and act sarcastically towards him. This idea is to portray that the soldiers have no respect for their superiors. When the soldiers knock at the farmhouse door and the old peasant woman enters the stage, one of the soldiers should clap his hand over her mouth so to stop her screaming. The remaining soldiers should jeer at the sight of the feeble woman squirming with fear. A soldier should then throw the old peasant and his son onto the stage with aggression. A spotlight should appear at Kattrin crouching in the wagon, and as the Lieutenant says, â€Å"There’s one,† a soldier should pull her out and push her onto the stage floor. The peasants should alternate their lines with panicked expressions eyebrows raised, arms flailing, and they should speak very quickly so to convey their alarm at the goings on. This should make it very obvious to the audience what is happening and the messages behind the plot. As the frightened young peasant blurts the fact that he â€Å"don’t know any path†, the soldiers should mock him, repeating what he says in high pitched voices and mimicking his pained expression and as the second soldier bargains with the young boy, it should be evident to the audience that the actors are joking with him cruelly by the fact that the soldiers are grinning to one another. The levels in this scene, with the boy lower down and the soldiers walking around confidently with their shoulders pushed back and their wide strides should illustrate the status between the poor innocent child and the corrupt â€Å"heroes of war†. The Lieutenant and the three soldiers should continue acting their parts in arrogant, stylised ways, whilst the peasants try to bargain and finally give in. When the soldiers leave the stage, led by the terrified young peasant, the three remaining peasants should try to justify the fact that they are not helping the rest of the village. I think that to make this evident to the audience, the actors should say their lines very calmly and thoughtfully: â€Å"There’s nothing we can do, is there? † // â€Å"Nothing. † // â€Å"No, there’s nothing we can do. † The peasant woman should then force the others to kneel and pray. She should say the prayer hurriedly and stutter now and again, so to get the slight guilt that she may have out of the way. I think that this would reveal to the audience that the characters had a choice whether to help the others in the village or to keep themselves safe. They choose the latter, the more selfish choice, and it should be evident that even these supposedly innocent characters in the play, are corrupt. Kattrin should groan regularly in frustration and finally, as she creeps off to the wagon, climbs up the ladder onto the roof and starts beating the drum with such extreme determination, the peasants should abruptly stop praying and run into action. As the characters have talked themselves into thinking that they are doing the right thing, their reaction is even more frantic than before. Even this scene should be missing the kind of frantic, air-raid-siren intensity that it potentially holds, as Kattrin continues to beat the drum while the soldiers, themselves now panicked, try to stop her, to keep her from waking the village. Kattrin’s role should seem more stolid and deliberate than desperate and driven by adrenaline. This should really be the only part in the whole play where I would like the audience to feel something more than morality being thrown at them. I would like them to feel for Kattrin, whether it is frustration or admiration. The soldiers should seem to have all the time in the world to shoot her from her perch, just too late to prevent her from raising the alarm. They should be even more aggressive now, shouting at the dumb girl as she carries on drumming. I would ask the stage crew, still sitting on stage, to join in with drumming steady beat, so to again remind the audience that although this scene is full of passion, that is all it is, a scene in a play. As the soldiers start to chop wood manically, Kattrin becomes more and more upset, the actor showing this with tears in her eyes and peering around aimlessly, she carries on the steady drumming. To make it obvious that the girl is listening to the Lieutenant and his soldiers plotting something, she should put her hand to her ear and strain her expression. When she realizes that her drumming has worked, the actor should stop the beat, smile, continue drumming again and laugh manically. The actors playing the soldiers should be outraged at this, making it obvious that the roles in status have evidently been reversed. The scene should go on with quick pace, with the young peasant hitting the wagon with a board, the peasant woman screaming at Kattrin and her crying and distressed noises and expressions. Finally, the soldiers fire their guns and after a few more feeble beats, Kattrin should collapse, dead. Muffled noises of canons, gunfire and alarm bells should be heard so to remind the audience of the aftermath of war. The next morning, Mother Courage sits by the dead body of her daughter, ignoring the peasants words, denying the fact that Kattrin is dead: â€Å"Maybe she’s fallen asleep† and singing to her. As she is singing, I would like the actor to pick Kattrin up and cradle her in her arms, stroking her hair. When the fact that Kattrin is dead finally dawns on Mother Courage: â€Å"She’s not asleep†¦ she’s gone, you must get away†, with no hesitation, she should drop her dead daughter back onto the floor and cover her up with a cloth. She should speak to the peasants as though Kattrin was useless and swiftly pay the peasants for the â€Å"proper burial† without a second though. As Mother Courage harnesses herself back into her wagon, I would like for the audience to hear background noise depicting war. She glares back at her dead daughter as she complains to herself: â€Å"I hope I can pull the wagon by myself†, and with just one look back, the actor should run after a regiment screaming â€Å"Hey! Take me with you! † To end the play, the audience should hear the soldiers singing monotonously: â€Å"Dangers, surprises, devastations / The war takes hold and will not quit. / But though it lasts three generations / We shall get nothing out of it. / Starvation, filth, and cold enslave us. / The army robs us of our pay, / Only a miracle can save us / And miracles have had their day. / Christians, awake! The winter’s gone! / The snows depart. The dead sleep on. / And though you may not long survive / Get out of bed and look alive! †.